![]() The CNT forest grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) can be compressed to yield a structure that is well-aligned vertically. ![]() The interstices between nanotubes in a vertically grown CNT forest have been utilized as membrane pores. 6–8 These phenomena may be due to the OH bond in a water molecule that combines with the inner wall of the CNT to form a depletion layer, which helps induce frictionless water movement. 4,5 The permeability of CNTs significantly surpasses the level theoretically suggested by the Knudsen model. A notable feature of CNTs is that fluid can go through the tubes at a rate much faster than is possible through other porous structures with similar pore sizes of several nanometers, as confirmed by molecular dynamics simulation results. 1–3 CNTs have also been utilized for water treatments. Introduction For decades, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been a workhorse for many applications in diverse fields including mechanics, electronics, photonics, and others. We also demonstrate that the VACNT membrane performance can be maintained with time with the aid of a simple cleaning procedure, which bodes well for a long lifetime of the membrane for VMD application. The VACNT membrane is shown to deliver excellent performance when tested for the desalination of 3.5 wt% NaCl water solution, as exemplified by the permeability of 68 LMH (liter per square meter per hour) achieved at the salt rejection of over 99.8% at 65 ☌. The VACNT structure provides interstices between CNTs for extracting vaporized water molecules, while efficiently filtering the impurity salts. We demonstrate here that the laterally-compressed, vertically-aligned CNTs (VACNT) obtainable from a CNT forest are an excellent membrane material for vacuum membrane distillation (VMD). Membranes for membrane distillation (MD) are mostly made of polymeric and ceramic materials.
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